标题：Linux ( CentOS ) MySQL 安装

MySQL 是最流行的关系型数据库管理系统，由瑞典 MySQL AB 公司开发，目前属于 Oracle 公司

MySQL 所使用的 SQL 语言是用于访问数据库的最常用标准化语言

MySQL 由于其体积小、速度快、总体拥有成本低，尤其是开放源码这一特点，一般中小型网站的开发都选择MySQL作为网站数据库

MySQL 安装

本教程的系统平台：CentOS release 7.x (Final) 64位。

一、安装编译工具及库文件

[root@localhost ~ ]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make autoconf libtool-ltdl-devel gd-devel freetype-devel libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel openssl-devel curl-devel bison patch unzip libmcrypt-devel libmhash-devel ncurses-devel sudo bzip2 flex libaio-devel

二、 安装cmake 编译器

cmake 版本：cmake-3.1.1

1、下载地址： http://www.cmake.org/files/v3.1/cmake-3.1.1.tar.gz

[root@localhost ~ ]# wget http://www.cmake.org/files/v3.1/cmake-3.1.1.tar.gz

2、解压安装包

[root@localhost ~ ]# tar zxvf cmake-3.1.1.tar.gz

3、进入安装包目录

[root@localhost ~ ]# cd cmake-3.1.1

4、编译安装

$ ./bootstrap
$ make && make install

---

三、安装 MySQL

MySQL版本：mysql-5.7.10

1、下载地址： http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.10.tar.gz

[root@localhost ~ ]# wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.10.tar.gz

输出

[root@localhost ~ ]# wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.10.tar.gz
--2017-09-15 17:00:21--  http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.10.tar.gz
Resolving dev.mysql.com... 137.254.60.11
Connecting to dev.mysql.com|137.254.60.11|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 301 Moved Permanently
Location: https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.10.tar.gz [following]
--2017-09-15 17:00:22--  https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.10.tar.gz
Connecting to dev.mysql.com|137.254.60.11|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found
Location: https://cdn.mysql.com//archives/mysql-5.7/mysql-5.7.10.tar.gz [following]
--2017-09-15 17:00:23--  https://cdn.mysql.com//archives/mysql-5.7/mysql-5.7.10.tar.gz
Resolving cdn.mysql.com... 23.8.231.210
Connecting to cdn.mysql.com|23.8.231.210|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 48919371 (47M) [application/x-tar-gz]
Saving to: 'mysql-5.7.10.tar.gz'

mysql-5.7.10.tar.gz         13%[====>                                   ]   6.07M   231KB/s    eta 3m 1s

2、解压安装包

[root@localhost ~ ]# tar zxvf mysql-5.7.10.tar.gz

3、进入安装包目录

[root@localhost ~ ]# cd mysql-5.7.10

4、编译安装

[root@localhost ~ ]# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql/ -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DWITH_INNODB_MEMCACHED=1 -DWITH_DEBUG=OFF -DWITH_ZLIB=bundled -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DENABLED_PROFILING=ON -DMYSQL_MAINTAINER_MODE=OFF -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306

[root@localhost ~ ]# make && make install

5、查看 mysql 版本:

[root@localhost ~ ]# mysql --version

输出:

mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.10, for redhat-linux-gnu (x86_64) using readline 5.1

到此，mysql安装完成。

四、 MySQL 配置

1、创建 mysql 运行使用的用户 mysql 和 组 mysql ：

[root@localhost ~ ]# groupadd mysql
[root@localhost ~ ]# useradd -g mysql mysql

2、创建 binlog 和库的存储路径并赋予 mysql 用户权限

[root@localhost ~ ]# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/binlog /mnt/data/data_mysql
[root@localhost ~ ]# mkdir -p /mnt/data/wwwlogs/mysql  # 创建日志文件目录
[root@localhost ~ ]# mkdir -p /var/run/mysql          #创建 pid 文件目录
[root@localhost ~ ]# chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/binlog/ 
[root@localhost ~ ]# chown mysql.mysql /mnt/data/data_mysql/ 
[root@localhost ~ ]# chown mysql.mysql /mnt/data/wwwlogs/mysql /var/run/mysql

3、创建 /etc/my.cnf 配置文件

[root@localhost ~ ]# touch /etc/my.cnf

将 /etc/my.cnf 替换为下面内容

[client]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
replicate-ignore-db = mysql
replicate-ignore-db = test
replicate-ignore-db = information_schema
user = mysql
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /mnt/data/data_mysql
log-error = /mnt/data/wwwlogs/mysql/mysql_error.log
pid-file = /var/run/mysql/mysql.pid
open_files_limit = 65535
back_log = 600
max_connections = 5000
max_connect_errors = 1000
table_open_cache = 1024
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet = 32M
sort_buffer_size = 1M
join_buffer_size = 1M
thread_cache_size = 600
#thread_concurrency = 8
query_cache_size = 128M
query_cache_limit = 2M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
default-storage-engine = MyISAM
default-tmp-storage-engine=MYISAM
thread_stack = 192K
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
tmp_table_size = 128M
max_heap_table_size = 128M
log-slave-updates
log-bin = /usr/local/mysql/binlog/binlog
binlog-do-db=oa_fb
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
binlog_cache_size = 4M
binlog_format = MIXED
max_binlog_cache_size = 8M
max_binlog_size = 1G
relay-log-index = /usr/local/mysql/relaylog/relaylog
relay-log-info-file = /usr/local/mysql/relaylog/relaylog
relay-log = /usr/local/mysql/relaylog/relaylog
expire_logs_days = 10
key_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
myisam_recover
interactive_timeout = 120
wait_timeout = 120
skip-name-resolve
#master-connect-retry = 10
slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396
#master-host = 192.168.1.2
#master-user = username
#master-password = password
#master-port = 3306
server-id = 1
loose-innodb-trx=0 
loose-innodb-locks=0 
loose-innodb-lock-waits=0 
loose-innodb-cmp=0 
loose-innodb-cmp-per-index=0
loose-innodb-cmp-per-index-reset=0
loose-innodb-cmp-reset=0 
loose-innodb-cmpmem=0 
loose-innodb-cmpmem-reset=0 
loose-innodb-buffer-page=0 
loose-innodb-buffer-page-lru=0 
loose-innodb-buffer-pool-stats=0 
loose-innodb-metrics=0 
loose-innodb-ft-default-stopword=0 
loose-innodb-ft-inserted=0 
loose-innodb-ft-deleted=0 
loose-innodb-ft-being-deleted=0 
loose-innodb-ft-config=0 
loose-innodb-ft-index-cache=0 
loose-innodb-ft-index-table=0 
loose-innodb-sys-tables=0 
loose-innodb-sys-tablestats=0 
loose-innodb-sys-indexes=0 
loose-innodb-sys-columns=0 
loose-innodb-sys-fields=0 
loose-innodb-sys-foreign=0 
loose-innodb-sys-foreign-cols=0

slow_query_log_file=/mnt/data/wwwlogs/mysql/mysql_slow.log
long_query_time = 1
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 32M

4、初始化数据库

[root@localhost ~ ]# /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf  --user=mysql

显示如下信息：

Installing MySQL system tables...2017-09-13 14:23:32 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
OK

Filling help tables...2017-09-13 14:23:45 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
OK
...

5、创建开机启动脚本

[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
[root@localhost mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld 
[root@localhost mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld 
[root@localhost mysql]# chkconfig --level 345 mysqld on

6、启动 mysql 服务器

[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.......... SUCCESS!

7、连接 MySQL

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.10 Homebrew

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MySQL [(none)]>

修改MySQL用户密码

命令行输入

[root@localhost ~]# mysqladmin -u[用户名] -p[旧密码] password [新密码]

范例： 修改 demo@127.0.0.1 的密码为 123456

[root@localhost ~]# mysqladmin -udemo -p123456 password 123456

如果已经登录进入 mysql 命令行

SET PASSWORD FOR '用户名'@'主机' = PASSWORD('密码');

范例： 修改 demo@127.0.0.1 的密码为 123456

SET PASSWORD FOR 'demo'@'127.0.0.1' = PASSWORD('123456');

创建新用户并授权

grant all privileges on *.* to '用户名'@'%' identified by '密码' with grant option;

范例: 创建 demo@localhost 用户，密码设置为 123456 ，并赋予所有权限

grant all privileges on *.* to 'demo'@'localhost' identified by '123456' with grant option;

其它 MySQL 常用命令

1、 启动 MySQL

[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld start

2、 停止 MySQL

[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld stop

3、 重启 MySQL

[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld restart

4、 重新加载 MySQL 配置

[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld reload